The Riemann Hypothesis is a famous unsolved problem in mathematics that deals with the distribution of prime numbers. It was proposed by the mathematician Bernhard Riemann in 1859 and suggests that all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on a specific line in the complex number plane, known as the "critical line." This hypothesis is significant because it has deep implications for number theory and the understanding of primes. If proven true, it would enhance our knowledge of how primes are spaced and could lead to advancements in various fields, including cryptography and computer science.