Kumbi Saleh was the capital of the ancient Ghana Empire, located in present-day Mali. It served as a major trading hub from the 9th to the 13th centuries, connecting North Africa with sub-Saharan regions. The city was known for its wealth, vibrant markets, and diverse population, which included traders, scholars, and artisans. The city was divided into two distinct areas: one for the royal court and the other for merchants and commoners. Kumbi Saleh played a crucial role in the spread of Islam in West Africa, as it attracted many Muslim traders and scholars. Its historical significance continues to be studied by historians today.