"Kitab al-Hind" is a historical text written by the Persian scholar Al-Biruni in the early 11th century. The book serves as a comprehensive study of the Indian subcontinent, covering various aspects such as geography, culture, religion, and science. Al-Biruni aimed to understand and document the diverse traditions and practices of the people living in India. In "Kitab al-Hind," Al-Biruni meticulously describes the social customs, languages, and philosophies of Hinduism and other religions present in India at the time. His work is considered one of the earliest and most significant contributions to the understanding of Indian civilization from an outsider's perspective.