The Kingdom of Greece was established in 1832 after the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire. It was recognized as an independent state by the Great Powers of Europe, including Britain, France, and Russia. The kingdom initially included a small territory but expanded over time through wars and treaties. The monarchy was ruled by various kings, starting with King Otto, who was of Bavarian descent. The kingdom faced political instability and social challenges throughout its history, leading to the abolition of the monarchy in 1974, when Greece became a republic.