The Kingdom of Lydia was an ancient kingdom located in western Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. It flourished from the 7th to the 6th century BCE and is known for its rich resources, particularly gold. The Lydians are credited with creating one of the first known coinage systems, which greatly influenced trade and economy in the region. The most famous king of Lydia was Croesus, who ruled from 595 to 546 BCE. His wealth became legendary, leading to the phrase "rich as Croesus." The kingdom eventually fell to the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great, marking the end of Lydian independence.