King Victor Emmanuel III was the King of Italy from 1900 until 1946. He was born on November 11, 1869, and became king after the assassination of his father, King Umberto I. His reign saw significant events, including World War I and the rise of Fascism in Italy under Benito Mussolini. During his rule, Victor Emmanuel III faced criticism for his handling of the monarchy and the political situation in Italy. In 1946, following World War II and a referendum, Italy abolished the monarchy, leading to his abdication and exile. He died on December 28, 1947, in Egypt.