King Jan III Sobieski was the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1674 until his death in 1696. He is best known for his military leadership, particularly during the Battle of Vienna in 1683, where he played a crucial role in defeating the Ottoman Empire. His victory is often credited with saving Europe from further Ottoman expansion. Sobieski was also a patron of the arts and sciences, promoting culture and education in his kingdom. He worked to strengthen the Commonwealth and improve its political stability, navigating complex relationships with neighboring powers like Russia and Austria. His reign is remembered as a significant period in Polish history.