The Khwarezm Shah was a title used by the rulers of the Khwarezmian Empire, which existed in Central Asia during the 11th to 13th centuries. The empire was centered around the region of Khwarezm, located near the Amu Darya River, and included parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Iran. The most notable Khwarezm Shah was Muhammad II, who ruled during the early 13th century and faced the invasion of Genghis Khan. The Khwarezmian Empire was known for its cultural and economic prosperity, thriving on trade along the Silk Road. However, the empire's downfall came when it clashed with the Mongol Empire, leading to its eventual conquest. The conflict marked a significant turning point in history, as it contributed to the expansion of Mongol influence across Asia and Europe.