The Sultanate of Rum was a medieval Turkish state that emerged in the 11th century in Anatolia, present-day Turkey. It was established by the Seljuk Turks after their victory at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, which allowed them to expand into Byzantine territories. The sultanate became a significant cultural and political center, blending Persian, Byzantine, and Islamic influences. At its height, the Sultanate of Rum controlled much of central and eastern Anatolia. It played a crucial role in the region's history until it gradually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, particularly from the Mongols and later the Ottoman Empire. The sultanate officially ended in the late 13th century.