Coccoidea is a superfamily of insects commonly known as scale insects. They belong to the order Hemiptera and are characterized by their small size and protective coverings, which can appear as waxy or hard shells. Scale insects are primarily found on plants, where they feed on sap, often causing damage to their hosts. There are over 8,000 species of scale insects, and they can be divided into two main groups: hard scales and soft scales. These insects play significant roles in ecosystems, serving as food for various predators, but they can also be pests in agriculture and horticulture, leading to economic losses.