Karez is an ancient irrigation system used primarily in arid regions, particularly in Afghanistan, Iran, and parts of Central Asia. It consists of a series of underground tunnels that transport water from aquifers to fields and villages, helping to sustain agriculture in dry climates. The system is designed to minimize evaporation and maintain a steady water supply. The construction of a karez involves digging vertical shafts to access groundwater, which then flows through the horizontal tunnels. This method not only conserves water but also protects it from contamination and evaporation. Karez systems are vital for local communities, supporting both farming and drinking water needs.