Kaluga is a city located in western Russia, approximately 150 kilometers southwest of Moscow. It serves as the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast and is known for its rich history, dating back to its founding in 1371. The city is situated on the banks of the Oka River, which adds to its scenic beauty. Kaluga is also recognized for its contributions to science and technology. It is home to the Kaluga Aerospace Center, which plays a significant role in Russia's space exploration efforts. Additionally, the city has several educational institutions and cultural landmarks, making it an important regional hub.