The Kalinga War was a significant conflict fought around 261 BCE between the ancient Indian empire of Maurya, led by Emperor Ashoka, and the kingdom of Kalinga. This war was notable for its brutality and the high number of casualties, with estimates suggesting that over 100,000 soldiers and civilians lost their lives. The fierce battle marked a turning point in Ashoka's reign and his approach to governance. After witnessing the devastation caused by the war, Ashoka experienced a profound transformation. He embraced Buddhism and adopted a policy of non-violence and compassion. This shift led him to promote peace and welfare, making him one of the most revered rulers in Indian history.