Ancient wars were conflicts fought by early civilizations, often over land, resources, or power. Notable examples include the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, which showcased the struggle for dominance in ancient Greece. These wars were marked by the use of basic weapons like swords and spears, and strategies that relied heavily on formations and tactics. Many ancient wars also involved famous leaders, such as Alexander the Great, who expanded his empire through a series of successful battles. The outcomes of these conflicts shaped the course of history, influencing cultures and societies for centuries to come.