Kainate receptors are a type of glutamate receptor found in the brain and spinal cord. They play a crucial role in synaptic transmission and are involved in various neurological processes, including learning and memory. These receptors respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate, which is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Kainate receptors are part of the ionotropic receptor family, meaning they directly control ion channels. When activated by kainic acid or glutamate, they allow sodium and calcium ions to flow into the cell, leading to depolarization. This process contributes to excitatory signaling in neurons and can influence neuronal excitability and plasticity.