Glutamate receptors are proteins located on the surface of nerve cells that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate. They play a crucial role in transmitting signals in the brain, influencing processes such as learning, memory, and overall brain function. There are two main types of glutamate receptors: ionotropic receptors, which allow ions to flow into the cell when activated, and metabotropic receptors, which trigger a series of biochemical events inside the cell. These receptors are essential for normal brain activity, but excessive activation can lead to neurotoxicity and contribute to various neurological disorders. Understanding glutamate receptors is vital for developing treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia.