Kafiristan was a historical region located in the eastern part of present-day Afghanistan. It was inhabited by the Kafir people, who practiced a unique form of polytheism and had distinct cultural traditions. The region is known for its rugged mountainous terrain and was relatively isolated from the influences of surrounding areas. In the late 19th century, Kafiristan was incorporated into Afghanistan during the reign of Abdur Rahman Khan. Following this, the Kafir people were largely converted to Islam, and the region was renamed Nuristan, meaning "Land of Light." Today, Nuristan is known for its diverse ethnic groups and stunning natural beauty.