Kachru's Model of World Englishes
Kachru's Model of World Englishes categorizes the global use of English into three circles: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle. The Inner Circle includes countries where English is the native language, such as the United States and United Kingdom. The Outer Circle consists of countries where English is an official language, like India and Nigeria, often used in government and education.
The Expanding Circle encompasses countries where English is learned as a foreign language, such as China and Brazil. This model highlights the diverse roles and variations of English worldwide, reflecting cultural and linguistic differences in its use.