The "Theory of Justice" is a philosophical framework primarily associated with the work of John Rawls, who proposed principles for a fair society. Rawls introduced the idea of the "original position," where individuals choose rules for society behind a "veil of ignorance," unaware of their own social status or personal characteristics. This ensures fairness and impartiality in the creation of justice principles.
Rawls outlined two key principles: the first guarantees equal basic rights for all, while the second allows social and economic inequalities only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. This approach aims to create a balanced and equitable social structure.