The Judiciary Act of 1863 was a significant piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress during the Civil War. It aimed to reorganize the federal court system, particularly to address the needs arising from the conflict. The act established new judicial districts and allowed for the appointment of additional judges to help manage the increasing caseload. One of the key features of the act was the provision for the establishment of military courts. These courts were designed to handle cases involving military personnel and issues related to the war, reflecting the unique circumstances of the time and the need for efficient legal processes during the conflict.