The Judiciary Act of 1867 was a significant piece of legislation in the United States that aimed to reorganize the federal court system. It allowed for the establishment of new circuit courts and expanded the jurisdiction of existing courts, making it easier for citizens to access the judicial system. This act was part of the broader efforts during the Reconstruction era to address legal issues arising from the Civil War. Additionally, the act provided for the appointment of additional judges to help manage the increased caseload. It also included provisions for the removal of cases from state courts to federal courts, particularly those involving civil rights, reflecting the ongoing struggle for equality in the post-war period.