Judea Pearl is an American computer scientist and philosopher, best known for his work in artificial intelligence and statistics. Born on September 4, 1936, in Tel Aviv, he has made significant contributions to the fields of causal inference and probabilistic reasoning. His development of the Bayesian network framework has transformed how researchers model uncertainty and relationships between variables. Pearl's influential book, Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference, published in 2000, has become a foundational text in understanding causal relationships. He has received numerous awards for his work, including the Turing Award in 2011, which is often regarded as the "Nobel Prize of Computing."