The Johor Sultanate is a historical Malay state located in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, established in the 16th century. It emerged after the decline of the Malacca Sultanate, with its capital initially in Johor Lama. The sultanate played a significant role in regional trade and politics, often engaging with European powers and neighboring states. Throughout its history, the Johor Sultanate experienced periods of prosperity and conflict, particularly with the Dutch and the British. The sultanate's influence waned in the 19th century, leading to the establishment of the Johor State under British protection. Today, it remains an important cultural and historical symbol in Malaysia.