John McCulloch was a Scottish economist and political theorist, born in 1789. He is best known for his contributions to the field of economics, particularly in the areas of monetary theory and the role of banks. McCulloch was a prominent advocate for free trade and is often associated with the classical school of economic thought, which includes figures like Adam Smith and David Ricardo. In addition to his economic work, McCulloch was a prolific writer and editor. He contributed to various publications, including the influential Edinburgh Review. His writings helped shape economic policy and thought during the 19th century, making him a significant figure in the development of modern economics.