Thomas Reid was a Scottish philosopher born in 1710, known for founding the Scottish School of Common Sense. He challenged the ideas of David Hume and emphasized the importance of common sense in human understanding. Reid believed that our perceptions and intuitions are reliable sources of knowledge. Reid's work focused on topics like perception, belief, and the nature of the mind. He argued that humans have an innate ability to understand the world around them without needing complex reasoning. His ideas laid the groundwork for later philosophical movements and influenced thinkers such as Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill.