John Lackland, also known as King John of England, was born in 1166 and became king in 1199. He is often remembered for his conflicts with the nobility and his struggles to maintain control over his territories. His reign was marked by the loss of significant lands in France, which diminished his power and influence. One of the most notable events during his rule was the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. This document was created in response to the barons' rebellion against his heavy taxation and arbitrary rule. The Magna Carta is considered a foundational text for modern democracy, establishing principles of legal rights and limiting the power of the monarchy.