John III Sobieski was a Polish king who reigned from 1674 to 1696. He is best known for his military leadership, particularly during the Battle of Vienna in 1683, where he played a crucial role in defeating the Ottoman Empire. His victory helped to halt the Ottoman advance into Europe and earned him widespread acclaim. Sobieski was born in 1629 and came from a noble family. He was a skilled politician and diplomat, working to strengthen the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. His reign is often remembered for efforts to modernize the military and improve the kingdom's defenses against external threats.