Jewish nationalism is a political and cultural movement that seeks to promote the interests and identity of the Jewish people. It emphasizes the importance of a Jewish homeland, particularly in Israel, where Jews can exercise self-determination and preserve their cultural heritage. This movement emerged in the late 19th century, partly in response to widespread anti-Semitism in Europe. The most notable expression of Jewish nationalism is Zionism, which advocates for the establishment and support of a Jewish state. Zionism gained momentum with the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, providing a refuge for Jews worldwide and fostering a sense of unity among Jewish communities.