The Japanese government operates as a constitutional monarchy, where the Emperor serves as the ceremonial head of state, while political power is held by elected officials. The government is divided into three branches: the executive, led by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet; the legislative, known as the National Diet; and the judiciary, which interprets laws. The National Diet consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. Members of the House of Representatives are elected for four-year terms, while those in the House of Councillors serve six-year terms. This structure allows for a democratic process in shaping laws and policies in Japan.