The Japanese Feudal Era, lasting from the late 12th century to the mid-19th century, was characterized by a hierarchical system of land ownership and military service. At the top was the Emperor, who held a symbolic position, while real power rested with the shogun, a military leader. Below the shogun were the daimyō, or feudal lords, who governed large territories and maintained their own samurai warriors. During this period, the samurai class emerged as elite warriors, adhering to a strict code of honor known as bushido. The era saw the rise of powerful clans, frequent conflicts, and the establishment of a rigid social structure. It ended with the Meiji Restoration in 1868, which transitioned Japan to a modern state.