Janusz Korczak was a Polish-Jewish pediatrician, writer, and educator, born in 1878. He is best known for his work with children, particularly orphans, and for his innovative ideas on child rights and education. Korczak founded an orphanage in Warsaw, where he implemented a democratic system, allowing children to participate in decision-making. During World War II, Korczak refused to abandon the children in his care, even when faced with deportation to a concentration camp. He is remembered for his compassion and dedication, ultimately perishing in 1942 at the Treblinka extermination camp while accompanying the children he loved.