James Marcia's identity status theory is a framework that explores how individuals develop their sense of self during adolescence. It identifies four identity statuses: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. These statuses reflect the levels of exploration and commitment individuals experience as they navigate their personal beliefs, values, and goals. The theory suggests that adolescents may move between these statuses as they confront various life choices. Identity diffusion indicates a lack of direction, while identity foreclosure involves commitment without exploration. Identity moratorium represents active exploration, and identity achievement signifies a well-defined sense of self after exploration.