James Lenox was a prominent 19th-century American philanthropist and collector, best known for his extensive collection of rare books, manuscripts, and art. Born in 1800 in New York City, he became a successful businessman in the import and export trade. His passion for literature and history led him to amass a significant library, which included works by notable authors such as William Shakespeare and John Milton. In 1870, Lenox founded the Lenox Library, which later became part of the New York Public Library. His contributions to the cultural landscape of New York City were significant, as he dedicated much of his wealth to the preservation of knowledge and the arts. Lenox passed away in 1880, leaving a lasting legacy through his collections and philanthropic efforts.