James Edward Stuart, also known as the Old Pretender, was born in 1688 and was the son of James II of England and Mary of Modena. He was a claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, representing the Stuart dynasty after his father's deposition during the Glorious Revolution of 1688. James Edward's attempts to reclaim the throne included the failed Jacobite uprisings, notably in 1715. He spent much of his life in exile, primarily in France and Italy, where he continued to rally support for his cause until his death in 1766.