The Italian mainland refers to the primary landmass of Italy, excluding its islands like Sicily and Sardinia. It is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes mountains, plains, and coastal regions. The Apennine Mountains run down the spine of the country, while the Po River valley is known for its fertile plains. This region is home to many important cities, including Rome, the capital, and Milan, a major economic center. The Italian mainland is rich in history, culture, and art, with numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the historic centers of Florence and Venice.