Italian colonization refers to the expansion of the Kingdom of Italy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily in Africa and the Mediterranean. Italy sought to establish overseas territories to enhance its national prestige and secure resources. Key colonies included Eritrea, Somalia, and Libya. The colonization process often involved military conquest and the establishment of settlements. Italian authorities aimed to assimilate local populations and exploit natural resources. This period was marked by conflicts, such as the Italo-Turkish War, and left a lasting impact on the regions involved, influencing their social and political landscapes.