Island Biogeography is a field of study that examines how species are distributed on islands and the factors that influence this distribution. It considers the size of the island, its distance from the mainland, and the types of habitats available. Larger islands typically support more species due to greater resources, while islands closer to the mainland can receive more species through migration. The theory of Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography, proposed by Robert MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson, suggests that the number of species on an island is determined by a balance between immigration and extinction rates. As more species inhabit an island, the chances of extinction increase, while new species continue to arrive, leading to a dynamic equilibrium.