Biogeography is the study of how living organisms are distributed across the planet. It looks at the patterns of where different species are found and how they relate to their environments. Factors like climate, geography, and human activity can influence these distributions. For example, the unique wildlife of the Galápagos Islands has evolved in isolation, leading to species that are not found anywhere else. This field also examines how species adapt to their surroundings over time. By understanding ecosystems and the relationships between organisms, scientists can better predict how changes like climate change or habitat destruction might affect biodiversity.