Islamic Egypt refers to the period in Egyptian history when the region was predominantly influenced by Islam after the Arab conquest in the 7th century. This era saw the establishment of Cairo as a major cultural and political center, with the construction of significant landmarks like the Al-Azhar Mosque and the Great Mosque of Ibn Tulun. During this time, Egypt became a hub for scholarship, trade, and art, blending Arab, African, and Mediterranean cultures. The Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties were notable rulers, contributing to the rich architectural and intellectual heritage that characterizes Islamic Egypt today.