Iron-carbon alloys are materials primarily composed of iron and carbon, with carbon content typically ranging from 0.02% to 6.7%. These alloys are crucial in metallurgy, as they form the basis for various types of steel and cast iron, which are widely used in construction, manufacturing, and engineering applications. The properties of iron-carbon alloys depend on their carbon content and the heat treatment processes they undergo. Lower carbon levels produce mild steel, which is ductile and malleable, while higher carbon levels result in cast iron, known for its hardness and brittleness. Understanding these alloys is essential for selecting the right material for specific applications.