Iranian civil society refers to the network of organizations, groups, and individuals that operate independently from the government. This includes non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community groups, and social movements that advocate for various issues such as human rights, women's rights, and environmental protection. Despite facing significant restrictions and government surveillance, these entities strive to promote social change and engage citizens in public life. The landscape of Iranian civil society is diverse, encompassing a range of ideologies and goals. Key players include student organizations, labor unions, and cultural associations, which often work to raise awareness and mobilize support for their causes. While the government often suppresses dissent, civil society continues to play a crucial role in fostering dialogue and advocating for reform within the country.