Radiation refers to the emission and transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles. It encompasses a wide range of phenomena, including light, radio waves, and X-rays. Understanding radiation is crucial in various fields, including medicine, where it is used for imaging and treatment, and in energy production, particularly in nuclear power. There are two main types of radiation: non-ionizing and ionizing. Non-ionizing radiation, such as microwaves and visible light, is generally considered safe, while ionizing radiation, which includes gamma rays and alpha particles, can pose health risks due to its ability to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, potentially leading to cell damage and cancer.