Integrated optics is a technology that combines optical components, such as waveguides, lenses, and detectors, onto a single chip. This integration allows for the miniaturization of optical systems, making them more efficient and cost-effective. Integrated optics is widely used in telecommunications, sensors, and imaging systems. The core principle of integrated optics is to manipulate light using materials like silicon or glass. By confining light within these materials, it can be guided and processed similarly to how electrical signals are handled in microelectronics. This technology enables faster data transmission and improved performance in various applications.