Instruction Pipelining is a technique used in computer architecture to improve the execution speed of instructions. It breaks down the process of executing an instruction into several stages, such as fetching, decoding, executing, and writing back. Each stage can be processed simultaneously for different instructions, allowing multiple instructions to be in different stages of execution at the same time. This method increases the overall throughput of the processor, as it reduces idle time. By overlapping the execution of instructions, Instruction Pipelining helps to maximize the use of the CPU's resources, leading to faster program execution and improved performance in computing tasks.