Branch Prediction is a technique used in computer processors to improve performance by guessing the direction of a branch instruction before it is executed. When a program encounters a decision point, such as an if statement, the processor predicts whether the branch will be taken or not. This allows it to continue executing instructions without waiting for the actual outcome. If the prediction is correct, the processor saves time and maintains high efficiency. However, if the prediction is wrong, the processor must discard the incorrectly executed instructions, which can lead to delays. Accurate Branch Prediction is crucial for optimizing the speed of modern CPUs.