"Injury in fact" refers to a tangible and concrete harm or damage that an individual experiences. This concept is often used in legal contexts to establish standing in a lawsuit, meaning that the person bringing the case has suffered a specific injury that can be addressed by the court. The injury must be real and not hypothetical, ensuring that the legal system addresses actual grievances. To qualify as "injury in fact," the harm must be personal and direct, affecting the individual rather than a general group. Examples include physical injuries, financial losses, or violations of rights. This principle is crucial in cases involving lawsuits, environmental harm, or consumer protection, as it helps determine whether a case can proceed in court.