Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to identify and study the chemical composition of substances. It works by passing infrared light through a sample, which absorbs specific wavelengths based on the molecular bonds present. The resulting spectrum displays peaks that correspond to these absorbed wavelengths, allowing scientists to determine functional groups and molecular structures. This method is widely used in various fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, and material science. It is particularly valuable for analyzing organic compounds, identifying unknown substances, and monitoring chemical reactions due to its ability to provide detailed information about molecular vibrations and interactions.