Information leakage refers to the unintended exposure of sensitive data to unauthorized individuals or systems. This can occur through various means, such as poor security practices, software vulnerabilities, or human error. When confidential information is leaked, it can lead to significant risks, including identity theft, financial loss, and damage to an organization's reputation. Common sources of information leakage include email misconfigurations, cloud storage settings, and data breaches. Organizations often implement security measures, such as encryption and access controls, to mitigate these risks. Awareness and training for employees are also crucial in preventing accidental leaks of sensitive information.