An informal settlement is a type of housing area where people live without legal rights to the land. These settlements often arise due to rapid urbanization, where individuals migrate to cities in search of better opportunities but cannot afford formal housing. As a result, they build makeshift homes, typically using available materials, on land that may be privately owned or designated for other uses. Residents of informal settlements often face challenges such as inadequate access to basic services like clean water, sanitation, and electricity. These areas may lack proper infrastructure, making them vulnerable to environmental hazards. Governments and organizations often work to improve conditions in these settlements through various initiatives and programs.