Infertility can result from various factors affecting both men and women. In women, common causes include issues with ovulation, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), blocked fallopian tubes, or age-related decline in egg quality. Hormonal imbalances and conditions like endometriosis can also contribute to difficulties in conceiving. In men, infertility often stems from low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm shape. Factors such as varicocele, hormonal imbalances, and certain medical conditions can impact male fertility. Lifestyle choices, including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity, may also play a significant role in both genders.